![]() The most recent household survey confirms the feminization of the epidemic nationally, with adolescent girls 15 to 19 years of age four times more likely to be infected than their male counterparts. Girls and young women between 15 and 30 years old have an extraordinarily high incidence, particularly in countries such as South Africa. Of the 2.1 million adolescents (11 to 19 years) infected with HIV, about 1.3 million (62%) live in Eastern and Southern Africa. Regions with the highest numbers of HIV-positive adolescents are sub-Saharan Africa and South Asia. Young women in Eastern and Southern Africa These young key populations (YKPs) include men who have sex with men (MSM), transgender people, those who inject drugs and sex workers, as well as youth who belong in multiple groups (e.g., transgender youth who inject drugs). Among youth, there are also key populations that bear disproportionate burdens of HIV and are the most vulnerable. Young people, adolescents and young adults, are at increased risk for HIV due in part to the multiple transitions (i.e., biological, psychological) and developmental tasks (e.g., establishing identity) in this period of the lifespan. HIV prevention and decreasing HIV-related deaths depend critically on reaching adolescents. Similarly, two-thirds of new HIV infections in 2012 occurred among youth aged 15 to 24. Between 20, the number of AIDS-related deaths decreased by 30% for all ages except among adolescents, who experienced a 50% increase in that same period. There are approximately four million young people aged 15 to 24 living with HIV globally, and 29% of those are adolescents aged 15 to 19. This increase has occurred predominantly in the African region, resulting in AIDS being the leading cause of death among adolescents in Africa and the second leading cause for adolescents worldwide. In contrast to reductions in other population groups, estimates suggest that numbers of HIV deaths are rising in the adolescent age group. b) Top 10 causes of disability-adjusted life years in adolescents worldwide.Īdapted from World Health Organization (WHO). ![]() In order to achieve the global goals of zero infections, zero discrimination and zero deaths, a sustained focus on HIV research, policy and advocacy for YKPs must occur.Ī) Top 10 causes of mortality in adolescents worldwide. Subsequent interventions for both HIV-negative and HIV-positive youth must be “adolescent-centred,” occur within the socio-ecological context of young people and take advantage of the innovations and technologies that youth have easily incorporated into their daily lives. ![]() Using an interwoven prevention and treatment cascade approach, the starting point for all interventions must be HIV counselling and testing. As a society, we must do more to stop new HIV infections and untimely HIV-related deaths through both primary and secondary prevention and better management approaches. There are also young key populations (YKPs) that bear disproportionate burdens of HIV and are the most vulnerable, including young men who have sex with men (MSM), transgender youth, young people who inject drugs, and adolescent and young adult sex workers. In addition, adolescent deaths resulting from HIV continue to rise despite declines in other age groups. Adolescents and young adults are at increased risk for HIV due to the many developmental, psychological, social, and structural transitions that converge in this period of the lifespan.
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